近代早期英国农民家庭土地继承问题探究

学 生 姓 名：刘国元

申请专业名称：史学理论及史学史

研 究 方 向 ：唯物史观与现代化比较

指导教师姓名：孙立田教授

提交论文日期：2009年3月

 

中文摘要

 

从近代早期英国农民土地继承问题的角度进行研究，揭示出土地继承给英国经济社会带来的影响，从一个侧面反映了英国从传统社会向现代社会过渡的过程。文章概述了研究的意义和现状，并重点对土地的继承权进行了分析，而且也探究了非继承人的生活保障问题。文章主体分为三个部分。
第一部分，首先论述了近代早期的土地继承习惯，根据各地区的习惯不同，继承方式也不同；然后分析了土地的继承问题，主要从子女和妻子的角度进行论述。第二部分，分析了土地继承与家庭成员的生活保障问题。退出生产领域的父母可以与继承人之间签订赡养协议、通过订立遗嘱等方式保障他们的日后生活；非继承人可以选择留在家中帮助务农或操持家务、进入教堂担任圣职或者进入城市等方式保障自己的生活。第三部分，论述了土地继承对英国经济社会发展的影响。近代早期农民家庭土地继承自然造就出一支难以依土地安身立命的群体，从而加速了人口的流动性；从家庭内部土地的继承到需要以购买的方式继承，来揭示出土地市场的发展；土地的不可分割继承和可分割继承导致不同地区核心家庭与非核心家庭的出现。
最后，文章总结了近代早期英国农民家庭土地继承问题的现状，说明了这一时期土地继承问题对英国经济社会的影响，突出了其在向近代资本主义过渡时期的作用。

关键词： 英国 近代早期 农民 土地 生活保障 家庭结构

 Abstract

From the issue of the land inheritance about England peasant in Early Modern, this thesis reveals the effects which land inheritance bring to English economic society. From other side, it also shows a process that English transits from traditional society to Modern society. And it generalizes the significance of this thesis and the present studying condition. The auther lays more stress on analyzing the land inheritance, and explores how to protect the living of non-heirs. This text primarily is divided into three parts.

Chapter one, firstly discusses the custom of land inheritacne in Early Modern, different inheritances from different areas. Then analyzes the issues of land inheritance which are mainly between children and wife. Chapter two, analyzes land inheritance and how to protect family members living. Parents retired from production field need to sign maintenance agreement, or make wills to protect their daily life. Non-heirs may choose to help to do farm work at home, to enter the church as saint, and to enter the cities, which may protect their living. Chapter three , discusses the effects of land inheritance to English economic society. Land inheritance of peasant family in Early Modern can naturally result in a group of people who hardly live depending with the land. It also promotes population mobility. The inheritance from parents-to-children to transactions reveals the development of land market. The customs of impartible inheritance and partible inheritance of land lead to emerge the nuclear family and noe-core family in different areas.

In the end, it summaries the issue of the land inheritance about England peasant in Early Modern, showing the effects of land heritance to economic society, emphasizing the function of land inheritance during the transitional period in modern capitalism.

Key Words: England, Farmer, Land, Protection of living, Nuclear family, Family structure

 

目 录

内容摘要 I
Abstract II
绪论 1
第一章 家庭成员继承权 4
第一节 继承习惯 4
第二节 土地的继承 7
第二章 土地继承与家庭成员生活保障 15
第一节 父母的生活保障 15
第二节 非继承人的生活保障 18
第三章 土地继承对英国经济社会发展的影响 21
第一节 人口流动性加强 21
第二节 土地市场的发展 22
第三节 家庭结构的转变 26
结束语 29
参考文献 30
后记 33