博士学位论文

李斌

论文题目：近代英国民众休闲生活变迁

指导教师：侯建新教授

答辩时间：2004年6月

论文摘要：

中文提要

随着经济—社会史的兴起，民众的日常生活越来越成为历史研究的重要对象。本文以近代英国民众为主要考察对象，以民众的日常休闲生活为主要考察内容，力图在探查民众休闲生活的变迁、恢复近代英国民众休闲生活原貌的同时，观察近代英国社会的变迁。文章共八章。

第一章，介绍了国内外对近代英国民众休闲生活史的研究状况。其中首先以时间为序，介绍了自20世纪50年代以来，民众休闲史从主流历史学家几乎无人问津到成为史学界研究热点的发展进程。其次介绍了民众休闲史研究发展过程中讨论比较热烈的几个问题。另外，介绍了近代英国民众休闲史的研究资料问题。

第二章，主要介绍了近代英国民众休闲生活变迁的历史动因。本文中主要介绍了以下几个动因：经济收入增长，宗教、文化教育背景，个体权利增长及个人自山空间的扩张，工业革命的影响，休闲基础设施的改善以及休闲消费品的更新等因素。在这些因素之下，近代英国民众的休闲生活发生了巨大的变化。

第三章，主要介绍中世纪以来民众在传统节日庆典中的休闲娱乐生活和传统节日庆典休闲娱乐的衰落以及近代节假日制度的兴起过程及影响。

第四章，从公共日常休闲和家内日常休闲两方面出发，具体考察了休闲消费晶和日常休闲生活方式的变迁。

第五章，论述了近代英国民众的体育运动休闲生活的变迁。其中主要探讨了传统体育休闲生活及变迁，另外还着重探讨了近代商业体育的发展情况。

第六章，介绍了近代英国民众的演艺观赏休闲。其中介绍了最主要的两种观赏休闲娱乐方式：戏剧和音乐的发展。其中论述了这两种演艺行业本身的发展和演艺观赏的大众化过程。

第七章，介绍了近代新型的休闲方式——旅游度假休闲的发展历程。其中论述了旅游度假休闲发展的原因，介绍了温泉疗养和海滨度假休闲及其它旅游观光活动的兴起历程。

第八章，主要是从休闲生活的变迁来看近代英国社会发展。主要包括：文明和理性的发展、近代资本主义生产方式的兴起、社会商业化的发展、社会世俗化与个人主义的发展。另外，还从近代英国民众休闲生活的发展过程探讨了近代英国社会发展的不平衡性问题。

Abstract

With the rising of Economic and social history, history study attach more importance to the daily life of common people. This dissertation take the English common people as the object of study and the daily leisure life as the main content. It attempts to probe into the change of leisure life , recur the leisure life of modern English people and further make a survey of English modem society. The dissertation is divided into eight parts (chapters).

The first chapter introduce the study condition of both Chinese and overseas scholars. The beginning is the development of leisure history since 20 century 50S,that is, orthodox historian pay no attention to it in past, whereas become a hot question in the field of history today. Then it introduces several major questions in the development of modem English common people's leisure life history. Moreover it explains the study materials of modem English common people's leisure life.

The second chapter mainly introduces the historical reason why modern English common people live a changing leisure life. The dissertation sums up the following reasons: the increase of income, the background of religion and education, the enhancement of individual rights and the expansion of individual freedom, the influence of Industrial Revolution, the improvement of leisure infrastructure and the renovation of leisure consumption equipment, etc. Due to these reasons, the leisure life of modern English common people have a new look.

The third chapter mainly describes the leisure and entertainment of common people during the traditional festival and celebration and their decline. Meanwhile the dissertation discusses the establishment of modem holiday system and its influence.

The forth chapter mainly investigate the change of leisure consumption equipments and the pattern of daily leisure from two aspects, one is public daily leisure life, the other is private daily leisure life.

The fifth chapter discusses the changes of athletic sports. It pays main attention on traditional athletic sports and its evolution as well as the development of modern commercializing sports.

The sixth chapter introduces how modem English people were involved in the theatre and music leisure activities. The dissertation also discusses both the development of the two trades and the popularization of it.

The seventh chapter put emphasis on the evolution of modern leisure pattern: traveling on holidays. It explores the impetus to the development of tour leisure and introduces the rise of tour activities of spa and seaside holidays.

The final chapter sum up the development of English society on the basis of the change of leisure life. It includes the development of civilization and reason, the rising of modem capitalist production pattern, social commercialization, social secularism and the rising of individualism. Furthermore introduce the unbalance of modem English society。

　[经济-社会史评论网首发] 2004年7月25日